Chapter 4 Was A Great Read, I Feel As Though This World

Chapter 4 was a great read, I feel as though this world often creates many stereotypes about illnesses such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, clinical Depression, and many other mental afflictions within the youth. Another that seems to remain controversial and misunderstood is sexual compulsive behavior that the youth have. Many see it as an excuse to act a certain way, or think a certain way; in reality it is a serious mental disorder that can cause devastating effects on the people that are consumed by them and the people who are around them. Something that is however, known about sexual compulsive behaviors is that there are certain things that can emotionally damage a person and cause them to have these behaviors. The three major†¦show more content†¦And if it is not addressed properly, then it cannot be fixed correctly. I know watching a family member continue to fight this battle is very hard. And the youth these days do not see the harm that they are doing to themselves. He is actually fighting for his life now as the results of every type of drug abuse and alcohol abuse you can think of. Young people need to be good listeners, be accepting and don’t have a negative mind. Drug abuse is thought to be a multidetermined, maladaptive way of coping with life problems that often become habitual and leads to a progressive deterioration in life circumstances. Drug abuse is a disease in its own way. It’s damaging, mentally, physically and emotionally with each party involved. When it comes to each party involved that also means family members as well. Youth will find a way to but some sort of blame of the family for their drug addiction. Family members can be a crucial part or a great aspect of the therapy depending the situation or how important that family member plays a role in their life. Family plays an important role in our emotional development since each individual in the family system impacts and its impacted by the others. Its design to address issues that affect the health of family and the addict’s life transition or mental health conditions. Although schools have various programs and policies toShow MoreRelatedHow Quick We Can Gain Information1567 Words   |  7 Pagestime to sit down and read a book. This is sadly often a choice by many young adults by the ages of 12-18 there are many things that motive a young adult to not want to read some sort of book whether it be a like graphic novels, which have less words in many cases and more pictures but still stimulate the young readers mind; with this print books are also something that seem to be an issue with this age group as well. According to our reading â€Å"Who are reluctant readers chapter 1† â€Å"persons ages 12-18Read MoreThe Great Gatsby Chapter 1 Characterization1425 Words   |  6 Pages#1 Chapter 1 – Characterization In the first chapter of The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, we are introduced to five characters. Fitzgerald begins with Nick Carraway who seems to be narrating the story. Nick describes himself as highly moral and highly tolerant. Later, Carraway mentions Jay Gatsby, the man who represents everything he scorns. Nick states, â€Å"I wanted no more riotous excursions with privileged glimpses into the human heart. Only Gatsby, the man who gives his name to this bookRead MoreListening Vs. Reading Books873 Words   |  4 Pagesaudiobooks make a great way to multitask. For example while doing chores you could simply listen to an audiobook on your mobile devices and start listening while doing chorus it’s that simple. CONS One of the cons of listening to audiobooks is that you could get distracted in a matter of seconds. For example if you’re hearing an audiobook and suddenly you get distracted you have to go back on what the narrator said. While listening to an audiobook you can easily forget on what you read and you haveRead MoreAn Essay About My Life1722 Words   |  7 PagesGoing to college has reminded me how much I truly love to read. It’s also reminded me that there are some books that I cannot bear to sit through. For a long time, I only read books that I knew I would love, or that I’d at least like. I only picked up a book if it was by an author I knew, or if it came recommended by someone. Now that I’m writing again, I see that as pure foolishness. I’ll miss out on thousands of good books if I place limitations on what I’m willing to pick up. Also, I’ve metRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Guns Of August Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesKira Redmond December 4, 2016 History of Western Civilization II The Guns of August, by Barbara W. Tuchman. London: England. Macmillan. 1962. The Great War, more known as World war 1 is perhaps the most famous war in American history. Most people only know that the Great war was the first world war that caused catastrophe through the worlds alliances. The Guns of August also known as August 1914 is a historical work of nonfiction written about the beginning of World War I. The Guns of August is anRead MoreSplit Journals- the Catcher and the Rye1467 Words   |  6 Pagesis, â€Å"trying to feel some kind of goodbye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  school. (Chapter 1 pg 4) Sample B: Holden Caulfield went to visit a teacher who failed him before he left for winter break (Chapter 2 pg 6-) Chapter 1a: When Holden got kicked out of school. Chapter 1b: When the book speaks of Holden being the fencing captain. Chapter 2a: Throughout chapter 2 Holden is being lectured about his grades. Chapter 2b: In chapter 2 Holden walks away while being lectured. Chapter 3a: Holden is annoyedRead MoreReview Of Donald Miller s Blue Like Jazz1207 Words   |  5 PagesBooks, 2003) The book was a great explanation of what the Christian faith looked like from a brand new set of eyes. As Miller took us through his own life struggles, while at the same time explaining each incident in detail, it was clear that his faith was a new life entirely. He talks about his own spiritual journey in the form of a series of essays. The rich emotional impact of jazz was the arch metaphor that Miller came up with. It is shown as the deepest sort of intimacy. I never heard of the termRead More Genesis Chapters 5-9 Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesGenesis Chapters 5-9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind was great in the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of their hearts was only evil continually. And the Lord was sorry that he had made humankind on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. So the lord said, ‘I will blot out from the earth the human beings I have created-people together with animals and creeping things and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them.’ But Noah found favor inRead MoreFun, Electrate, Autistic, Obsessive Home Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough some claim developing electracy will cause a downfall in society’s current learning abilities (Carr), I feel it creates a new type of learning style, that might even give an upper hand to people we otherwise might overlook. We have to consider that every new invention comes at a cost, but that does not necessarily mean the reward will not significantly outweigh it. Alison Bechdel’s â€Å"Fun Home† has an electrate quality through, not just the images, but the writing style and using obtuse meaningsRead MoreDiveristy1030 Words   |  5 Pages2647577 Assignment 2 – Chapters 5 thru 9 Journal CHAPTER 5 1. If students sit in the same classroom, read the same assignments, and hear the same lectures, are they all receiving the same education? Might these students interpret the same lesson differently because of the social worlds in which they live? Page 133 I believe that even though students have the same opportunities and environment in the same exact classroom, they are all still not receiving the same education. This all depends on their

The Broader Picture Of Education - 924 Words

The Broader Picture of Education Most kids go to school expecting to learn the basic math problems, and how to spell â€Å"appreciate†. But in all honestly school is bigger than that, education has a broader picture. It’s learning life lessons and basic knowledge of the world around them. It helps them become a better person to be around and work with. Education is important in many ways. Students learn to solve the bigger problems as well as learning communication and organizational skills which are key components to success not only in school, but out of school as well; but these important life lessons are becoming more difficult to achieve due to the growth of technology. Through the learning of the basic subjects in school like Math, English and Science, I learned how to solve bigger problems. Like using my brain to find different ways to solve a problem. There is always a broader picture. â€Å"Education does not have a single purpose; it serves multiple objective s, and the relative importance of each of these objectives can be very personal. The varied emphasis is a result of the diverse economic, social, spiritual, cultural, and political realities of our individual lives† (Jones). In English, it’s not always just reading a book that book is helping students expand their vocabulary, mind and imagination as well as making real world connections. We all know that memorizing specific terms for the parts of a cell in biology is much less engaging than learning how a cellShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1138 Words   |  5 Pagescan be viewed to a broader extent. Because it is believed that the individuals’ life and the history of society cannot be understood by not understanding the relation between the two (Mills 1959). American sociologist C. 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In 1852, he wrote The Idea of a University in which he expressed his opinions about what a liberal arts education should be, and what it supposedly would be in a Catholic University (Dunbar-Odam 107). In this essay, NewmanRead MoreEducational Spaces : Not Only Transmitted Through People804 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy, male and female students gave a speech to an audience in a virtual-reality classroom that either had pictures of male politicians (i.e., Bill Clinton), female politicians (i.e., Hillary Clinton or Angela Merkel) or no photo. When participants saw no pictures or the picture of a male politician, men outperformed women both in length and quality of speeches. However, placing pictures of prominent female politicians eliminated the performance gap, prompting women to deliver better and longer

Self-harm Drug Abuse in the United States - 836 Words

In today’s society, doing drugs is one of the most common forms self-harm. Drug legalization is one of the most argued topics because people do not know whether or not there should be limitations on what people are allowed to do their bodies. This form of self-harm has been debated for decades and continues today because people could not come to an agreement. There are some people who believe that people should be allowed to do anything with their bodies. Nevertheless, there are a number of people who argue that there should be limitations on what people can do with their bodies. In this paper, I will argue that drugs should not be legalized because they are harmful to the individual and also will be damaging to the society. John Stuart Mill’s harm principle states, â€Å"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of the community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others† (M.S Gendreau). This means that people should be allowed to do whatever they please and they should always take accountability for their own actions if they cause direct harm to others. Mill’s principle demonstrates that it is acceptable for one to do wrongdoings and harm oneself; however, it is awfully wrong that their wrongdoings impact other’s lives in a negative way. His principle elevates many questions regarding the consequences of drugs, whether drugs only negatively impacts on the individual who is using it or on others as well. By looking at the legalization ofShow MoreRelatedThe Crime Of A Victimless Crime908 Words   |  4 Pagesthat drug dealing,use, and abuse is a victimless crime, but they are wrong. We have to ask ourselves what makes a crime a crime? We know that crime is an action or omission that constitutes an offense that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. However, it also consists of actions that cause harm. 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Most expecting mothers are willing to give up foods and activities during the entirety of their pregnancy to help ensureRead MoreDrug Prevention And Education : America s Largest And Longest Running Programs Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to drug prevention and education, it must differ and be carefully designed depending on the age group and other contributing factors to drug use/abuse. One of the world’s largest and longest running programs has had a great impact on society, both nationally and globally. Even if someone has never attended a seminar or been taught a class in their school, a majority of people know or at least have heard of the D.A.R.E. program. This program has a humble beginning and a positive missionRead MoreWhen I Read That The United States Has A â€Å"Drug Problem†,1060 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I read that the United States has a â€Å"drug problem†, I immediately thought of the obvious culprits like heroin or cocaine. 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Cartel behaviour of Australian Mining-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.List potential cartel behaviour of ventures with particular reference to an Australian mining or petroleum resource joint venture. 2.List the defence to cartel behaviour. 3.List the duties and responsibilities of the manager/operator in a resource joint venture. 4.How can such duties be exploited to create a cartel behaviour. 5.What fiduciary responsibilities does the manager/operator have to the participants of tge joint venture. Answers: 1.Potential cartel behavior of ventures. A cartel is a group of businesses, operating in the same market , who instead of competing with one another, form agreements, contracts or a mutual understanding with the motive to fix and control prices, engage in collusive tendering or bid rigging, allocate market shares and suppliers, and restrict output. Any business which in collusion with a competitor, partakes in the aforementioned activities, either intentionally or unintentionally, is said to be engaged in cartel behavior or conduct[1]. Joint venture is a term referring to two or more companies pooling its resources and expertise to achieve a mutually beneficial goal. Naturally this may require the participating companies to share details regarding some of their operational details as well as lay down strategies, including agreements regarding of pricing, supply as well as market strategies. Therefore, joint ventures most certainly end up flouting anti-competitive laws by owing to its very nature[2]. The petroleum industry i s a sector which engages in a lot of joint ventures which may ultimately lead to some joint price fixing agreement or joint advertisement or agreement to sell all output to a single customer. An example would be of the joint venture of Woodside Energy, Benaris International and Origin Energy Resources which, in 2010, launched a joint marketing campaign for LPG. Consequently this implies that sale price of LPG by all the participants was pre-determined and equal to the same advertised price[3]. This technically could be classified as price fixing of cartel conduct. 2.Defense to cartel behavior. Despite the criminalization of cartel behavior in Australia as per the Competition and Consumer Act, there exists certain exemptions that are allowed for particular situations where cartel behavior might be observed. Such exceptions could include cases where there has been authorized sanctioning for the sake of public benefit where by it is deduced that the public benefits might over shadow the detrimental effects and as such upon a formal appeal to the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), exceptions to acts, such as, price fixing, restriction of outputs, bid rigging and allocation of market and suppliers could be granted[4]; Joint Ventures in which, if the venture deals with production or supply and has the terms of their agreement which deals with the cartel conduct compiled in the form of a binding contract, exemptions are allowed[5]; Cases relating to collective bargaining which relates to provisions involving price fixing, allocation of suppliers and customers or restriction of output and not under any circumstance include bid rigging; Collective acquisitions which deals with cases relating to mainly price fixing where the parties may seek to jointly or collectively acquire the collections from the goods or services or perhaps may be interested in joint advertisement where by it could amount to price fixing; Anti-overlap provisions which are mainly technical exemptions arising out of overlap with other provisions such as contracts that could directly or indirectly influence competition, resale prices, and exclusive dealings, companies that may be dual listed and acquisition; Finally, agreement between related corporates also fall under exemption given that they do not share a competitive positioning in the market[6]. 3.Duties and responsibilities of the manager/operator in a resource joint venture. An operator or manager in the context of a joint venture is an entity which acts as an agent of the participating organizations or companies, to undertake and oversee the management of the joint venture. It holds the responsibility of carrying out the entire operational process of the venture on behalf of the all parent companies. An operator could be a third party who is assigned to the role on a contractual basis or it could be one of the partners who have the functional expertise to carry out the project operations. Irrespectively, the manager or operator is granted exclusive authority to conduct and manage the activities of the project either through its own resources or by means of delegation after due approval of the parent companies. It is obligated to relay all information and knowledge that is accumulated in due course of the operations in order to uphold interests and rights of all members in the venture[7]. The operator is in turn answerable to the management committee, se t up for the sole purpose of representing the participants. It is to be noted that the operator is expected to act in the best interests of the joint venture and not of any individual participant or self and deliver the best service it is capable of. Additionally, the operator is responsible for all aspects of operation including engaging with third parties on a contractual basis, handling budgeted expenses of the project and dealing with emergency expenses arising out of injuries that may have resulted as a consequence of the operational process. Therefore, the operator holds the right to expend money as per requirement for the project which fall outside the sanctioned budget. It is also responsible for the joint assets including intellectual property of the participants for the duration of time it is engaged in the project. Finally the agency responsible for the operations of the joint venture is expected to transcend the cultural differences of the different parties to ensure smo oth running of the process[8]. 4.How can such duties be exploited to create a cartel behavior? Owing to the fact that an operator may engage with third parties, such as suppliers , on a contractual agreement under its own name and not as an agency of the participants, however under the authorization of the Joint operations agreement for the interest of the project in its undertaking , the parent organizations may utilize the situation as a loophole to distance itself while engaging in collusive activities such as exchanging information, limiting outputs and colluding with suppliers which amounts to cartel behavior[9]. This is made possible since, an operator, provided that it is a contractual one, is put in charge of the property, assets as well as functional control of the project and thus has the autonomy to interact with the local suppliers and other third parties who may provide scope for collusion, on behalf of the parent companies and allow them to stay under the legal radar. 5.What fiduciary responsibilities does the manager/operator have to the participants of the joint venture? Fiduciary refers to the confidentiality and loyalty that is expected out of member parties engaged in any kind of mutual agreement[10]. Fiduciary duty for the most part depends on the terms of the contract that exists between operator and the other parties involved in the venture. However, generally an operator or any participant of a joint venture is implicitly expected to act in the best interests of the joint venture entity, superseding any prospects of profits that they alone may be solely subject to which could jeopardize the venture. An operator is expected to put in their best efforts in running of the operations under their charge and abide by the confidentiality of the information regarding the participants that may be shared. It is also expected that the operator would respect the directives of any supervising authority, such as a technical committee or the management committee and report all findings, developments and expenses to the representatives of the participants[11] References Benaris International Pty Limited, Woodside Energy Limited, Origin Energy Resources Limited Response To Submission to The Australian Competition And Consumer Commission (2010)(Australian Competition and Consumer Committee, 2010) Cartels(2018) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Competition And Consumer Act 2010 (2016) Legislation.gov.au Competition Issues in Resources Projects: Marketing Agreements between JV Partners - Anti-Trust/Competition Law - Australia (2013) Mondaq.com Cosgun, Huseyin,Criminalising Cartels: Theory and Practice in The UK And Australia(The Interdisciplinary Centre for Competition Law and Policy, 2013) Dume, Philippe and Sergey Frank, "Managing International Joint Ventures" (2015) 26(1) London Business School Review Duncan, William D.Joint ventures law in Australia. Federation Press, (2012). Harner, Michelle M., and Jamie Marincic. "The Naked Fiduciary." Ariz. L. Rev. 54 (2012): 879. Killing, Peter.Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business). Vol. 22. Routledge, (2012). Kooroshy, Jaakko, Felix Preston and Sin Bradley,Cartels and Competition in Minerals Markets: Challenges for Global Governance(The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2014, 2014) Cartels(2018) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission Competition Issues In Resources Projects: Marketing Agreements Between JV Partners - Anti-Trust/Competition Law - Australia (2013) Mondaq.com Benaris International Pty Limited, Woodside Energy Limited, Origin Energy Resources Limited Response To Submission To The Australian Competition And Consumer Commission (2010) (Australian Competition and Consumer Committee, 2010) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 (2016) Legislation.gov.au Duncan, William D.Joint ventures law in Australia. Federation Press, (2012). Huseyin Cosgun, Criminalising Cartels: Theory And Practice In The UK And Australia (The Interdisciplinary Centre for Competition Law and Policy, 2013) Philippe Dume and Sergey Frank, "Managing International Joint Ventures" (2015) 26(1) London Business School Review. Peter Killing, Strategies for Joint Venture Success (Rle International Business) (Routledge, 2014). Jaakko Kooroshy, Felix Preston and Sin Bradley, Cartels And Competition In Minerals Markets: Challenges For Global Governance (The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2014, 2014) Harner, Michelle M., and Jamie Marincic. "The Naked Fiduciary." Ariz. L. Rev. 54 (2012): 879. Duncan, William D.Joint ventures law in Australia. Federation Press, (2012).

The Effects of PTSD on Families of Veterans

Learning Chapters on Project Procurement Management Essays

Learning Chapters on Project Procurement Management Essays Learning Chapters on Project Procurement Management Paper Learning Chapters on Project Procurement Management Paper After reading this chapter, you will b understand the Importance of prop Increasing use of outsourcing for info Describe the work involved in planning determining the proper type of contract t management plan, statement of work, so buy analysis Discuss what is involved in conducting obtaining seller responses, selects Understand the process of admit meet relationships and monitor Describe the process of closing Discuss types of software avail management Marie McBride could not believe how much money her company was paying for outside consultants to help the company finish an important operating system conversion project. The consulting companys proposal said it would provide experienced professionals who had completed similar conversions, and that the Job would be finished in six months or less with four consultants working full time. Nine months later her company was still paying high consulting fees, and half of the original consultants on the project had been replaced with new people. One new consultant had graduated from college only two months before and had extremely poor communications skills. Marries internal staff complained that they were wasting time training some of these experienced professionals. Marie talked to her companys purchasing manager about the contract, fees, and special clauses that might be relevant to the problems they were experiencing. Marie was dismayed at how difficult it was to interpret the contract. It was very long and obviously written by someone with a legal background. When she asked what her company could do since the consulting firm was not following Its proposal, the purchasing manager stated that the proposal was not part of the official contract. Marries company was paying for time and materials, not specific deliverables. There was no clause stating the minimum experience level required for the consultants, nor were there penalty clauses for not completing the work on time. There was a termination clause, however, meaning the company could terminate the contract. Marble wondered why her company had signed such a poor contract. Was there a better way to deal with procuring services from outside the company? Although global outsourcing displaces some IT workers, total employment In the united States increases, according to IOTA, as the benefits ripple through the economy. I en Incremental economic actual TTY Tanat Tools outscore II outsourcing creates over 257,000 net new Jobs in 2005 and is expected to create over 337,000 net new Jobs by 462 P oliticians debate on whether offshore outsourcing helps their own country or not. Andy Boor, chief operating officer of a computer network support service provider, describes outsourcing as an essential part of a healthy business diet. He describes good vs.. Bad outsourcing as something like good vs.. Bad cholesterol. He says that most people view offshore outsourcing as being bad because it takes Jobs away from domestic workers. However, many companies are realizing that they can use offshore outsourcing and create more Jobs at home. For example, Atlanta-based Delta Air Lines created 1,000 call-center Jobs in India in 2003, saving $25 million, which enabled it to add 1,200 Job positions for reservations and sales agents in the United States. 2 Other companies, like Wall-Mart, successfully manage the majority of their information technology projects in-house with very little commercial software and no outsourcing at all. (See the Suggested Reading on the companion Web site on Wall- Marts Way. ) Deciding whether to outsource, what to outsource, and how to outsource are important topics for many organizations throughout the world. In a 2008 survey, 74 percent of 600 global procurement executives believed that procurement issues are a high priority for their companies. About half of respondents also said that their companies focus too much on cost reduction instead of value creation. They also believe they are missing opportunities by not focusing on using technology to improve procurement processes. For example, 72 percent of respondents have less than 10 percent of their spend channeled through procurement and sourcing applications. 3 Most organizations use some form of outsourcing to meet their information technology needs, spending most money within their own country. A 2008 report on IT outsourcing trends in the U. S. And Canada revealed the following: Application development is the most popular form of IT outsourcing and was used by 53 percent of organizations surveyed. Of the surveyed organizations, 44 percent outsourced application maintenance, 40 percent outsourced Web site or e-commerce systems, and 37 percent outsourced disaster recovery services. The IT function with the largest percentage of work outsourced is assister recovery services, accounting for 50 percent of total IT outsourcing. Mortifications see the benefit in having an outside party perform offset storage or maintenance of a recovery facility. Desktop support is the second most outsourced IT function (48 percent), followed closely by data center operations and help desk (47 percent each) and Web site or e-commerce systems (46 percent). IT security is at the bottom of the list, with only 29 percent of the work being outsourced. Even though application development and maintenance are frequently outsourced, they are a low percentage of the amount of total IT work outsourced. Application development and maintenance are often outsourced selectively since most organizations choose to do many projects in-house. 4 Procurement means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source. The term procurement is Widely used in government; many private companies use the terms purchasing and outsourcing. Organizations or individuals who provide procurement services are referred to as suppliers, vendors, contractors, subcontractors, or sellers, with suppliers being the most widely used term. Many information technology projects involve the use of goods and services from outside he organization. As described in Chapter 2, outsourcing has become a hot topic for research and debate, especially the implication of outsourcing to other countries, referred to as offspring. The outsourcing statistics below are from an Information Technology Association of America (IOTA)-sponsored report: Spending for global sources of computer software and services is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of about 20 percent, increasing from about $1 5 billion in 2005 to $38 billion in 2010. Total savings from offshore resources diddling the same time period are estimated to grow from $8. Billion to $20. 4 billion. The cost savings and use of offshore resources lower inflation, increase productivity, and lower interest rates, which boosts business and consumer spending and increases economic activity. Chapter 12 Project Procurement Management Because outsourcing is a growing area, it is important for project managers to understand project procurement management. Many organizations are turning to outsourcing to: Reduce betrothed and recurrent costs. Outsourcing suppliers are often able to use economies of scale that may not be available to the client alone, especially for hardware and software. It can also be less expensive to outsource some labor costs to other organizations in the same country or offshore. Companies can also use outsourcing to reduce labor costs on projects by avoiding the costs of hiring, firing, and reassigning people to projects or paying their salaries when they are between projects. Allow the client organization to focus on its core business. Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have focused on core competencies such as marketing, customer arrive, and new product design. By outsourcing many information technology functions, employees can focus on Jobs that are critical to the success of the organization. Access skills and technologies. Organizations can gain access to specific skills and technologies when they are required by using outside resources. For example, a project may require an expert in a particular field or require the use of expensive hardware or software for one particular month on a project. Planning for this procurement ensure that the needed skills or technology will be available for the project. Provide flexibility. Outsourcing to provide extra staff during periods of peak workloads can be much more economical than trying to staff entire projects with internal resources. Many companies cite quicker flexibility in staffing as a key reason for outsourcing. Increase accountability. A well-written contract-a mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified products or services and obligates the buyer to pay for them-can clarify responsibilities and sharpen focus on key deliverables of a project. Because contracts are legally binding, there is more accountability for delivering the work as stated in the contract. In December 2002, who organ Chase announced a sieving to MOM, both companies en- year, $5 billion deal too bragged that the contract w TTS med like a win-win situational would make money an gang Chase could push for innovation. The contract less than two years However, in September 200 egger fit with Comparing Chaises busting its existence because the pro news strategy. According to Austin rumination officer at Comparing Chi couture is best for the long-term gar We believe managing our own techno and success of our company as well a railroaders. However, IBM said he can contract was simply a result of Comparing Chaises merger earlier that year with Bank It tried to shrug off the loss of a large business deal. The combined firm found its an abundance of IT assets, IBM spokesperson James Icicles said. This decision w other business decisions related to the merger. 6 Outsourcing can also cause problems in other areas for companies and nations as a whole. For example, many people in Aus tralia are concerned about outsourcing software development. The Australian Computer Society says sending work offshore may lower ten under AT students entering II courses, deplete ten mummer AT Skilled IT professionals, and diminish the nations strategic technology capability. Another issue is security, which encompasses the protection of intellectual property, integrity of data, and the reliability of infrastructure in offshore locations. 7 The success of many information technology projects that use outside resources is often due to good project procurement management. Project procurement management includes the processes required to acquire goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. Organizations can be either the buyer or the seller of products or services under a contract. There are four main processes in project procurement management: Organizations must also consider reasons they might not want to outsource. When an organization outsource work, it often does not have as much monitor over those aspects of projects that suppliers carry out. In addition, an organization could become too dependent on particular suppliers. If those suppliers went out of business or lost key personnel, it could cause great damage to a project. Organizations must also be careful to protect strategic information that could become vulnerable in the hands of suppliers. According to Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems, Inc. , What you want to handle in-house is the stuff that gives you an edge over your competition-your core competencies. I call it your secret sauce. If youre on Wall Street and you have your own program for tracking and analyzing the market, youll hang onto that. At Sun, we have a complex program for testing microprocessor designs, and well keep it. 5 Project teams must think carefully about procurement issues and make wise decisions based on the unique needs of their projects and organizations. They can also change their minds on outsourcing as business conditions change. . 3. Planning procurements involves determining what to procure, when, and how. In procurement planning, one must decide what to outsource, determine the type of contract, and describe the work for potential sellers. Sellers are contractors, suppliers, or providers who provide goods and services to other organizations. Outputs of this process include a procurement management plan, statements of work, make-or-buy decisions, procurement documents, source selection criteria, and change requests. Conducting procurements involves obtaining seller responses, selecting sellers, and awarding contracts. Outputs include selected sellers, procurement contract awards, resource calendars, change requests, and updates to the project management plan and other project documents. Administering procurements involves managing relationships with sellers, monitoring contract performance, and malting changes as needed. The main outputs of this process Include procurement documents talon, organizational 4. Process asset updates, change requests, and project management plan updates. Closing procurements involves completion and settlement of each contract, including resolution of any open items. Outputs include closed procurements and organizational process asset updates. Figure 12-1 summarizes these processes and outputs, showing when they occur in a typical project. Planning Process: Plan procurements Outputs: Procurement management plan, procurement statements of work, make-or-buy decisions, procurement documents, source selection criteria, and change requests 466 Executing Process: Conduct procurements Outputs: Selected sellers, procurement contract award, resource calendars, change requests, project management plan updates, project document updates Monitoring and Controlling Process: Administer procurements Outputs: Procurement communication, organizational process asset updates, change requests, project management plan updates Closing Process: Close procurements Outputs: Closed procurements, organizational process asset updates Project Start Project Finish FIGURE 121 Project procurement management summary The Boots Company PLY, a Nottingham, England, outsourced its information t Tiber 2002. The Boots Company signed a ten-year d expected to save $203. 9 million over that period com systems itself. IBM managed and developed The Boots Comma cou ture from the mainframes to the tills in our 1,400 stores, to the co , said spokesperson Francis Thomas. More than 400 Boots employees we Vims payroll but continued to work at Boots head office, with extra IBM s n as needed. Thomas added, The great thing about this is that if IBM has an expert in Singapore and [if} we need that expertise, we can tap Into It Tort tender months. It Keeps our costs on an even Keel. 8 is not uncommon moon for long contracts to be renegotiated, becoming either shorter or longer in length. May 2006, Boots and IBM began discussing amendments to their contract because m of Boots IT infrastructure renewal program (including a new pharmacy system and roll) was complete. A Boots spokesman said that the many achieved its goal much quicker than planned. In contrast, in 2005 Boots renegotiated its EYE million, seven-yea IT contract it initially signed in 2002 with Sans, extending it for another two years to 2011 in a EYE million deal. 9 It is also not uncommon to take advantage of competition the changing marketplace for major procurements. In 2008, Boots announced that I have up to six different suppliers competing to supply its IT products and services ova next year. The company is keeping its business system management team and service management in-house? including helpless and project management. 10 Properly planning purchases and acquisitions and writing good contracts can also save organizations millions of dollars. Many companies centralize purchasing for products, such as personal computers, software, and printers, to earn special pricing discounts. For example, in the mid-asses the U. S. Air Force awarded a five-year, multimillion-dollar contract to automate 15 Air Force Systems Command bases. The project manager and contracting officer decided to allow for a unit pricing strategy for some items required in the contract, such as the workstations and printers. By not requiring everything to be negotiated at a fixed cost, the winning supplier lowered its final bid y more than $40 million. II Planning procurements involves identifying which project needs can best be met by using products or services outside the organization. It involves deciding whether to procure, how to procure, what to procure, how much to procure, and when to procure. An important output of this process is the make-or-buy decision. A make-or- buy decision is one in which an organization decides if it is in its best interests to make certain products or perform certain services inside the organization, or if it is better to buy them from an outside organization. If there is no need to buy any reduces or services from outside the organization, then there is no need to perform any of the other procurement management processes. For many projects, properly outsourcing some information technology functions can be a great investment, as shown in the following examples of What Went Right. Inputs needed for planning procurements include the scope baseline, requirements documentation, teaming agreements, the risk register, risk-related contract decisions, activity resource requirements, the project schedule, activity cost estimates, the cost performance baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational process assets. For example, a large clothing company might consider outsourcing the delivery of, maintenance of, and basic user training and support for laptops supplied to its international sales and marketing force. If there were suppliers who could provide this service well at a reasonable price, it would make sense to outsource, because this could reduce fixed and recurring costs for the clothing company and let them focus on their core business of selling clothes. It is important to understand why a company would want to procure goods or services Ana want Inputs are anemia to plan purchases and acquisitions. In the opening case, Marries company hired outside consultants to help complete an operating system conversion project because it needed people with specialized skills for a short period of time. This is a common occurrence in many information technology projects. It can be more effective to hire skilled consultants to perform specific tasks for a short period of time than to hire or keep employees on staff full time. However, it is also important to define clearly the scope of the project, the products, services, or results required, market conditions, and constraints and assumptions. In Marries case, the scope of the reject and services required were relatively clear, but her company may not have adequately discussed or documented the market conditions or constraints and assumptions involved in using the outside consultants. Were there many companies that provided consultants to do operating conversion projects similar to theirs? Did the project team investigate the background of the company that provided the consultants? Did they list important constraints and assumptions for using the consultants, such as limiting the time that the consultants had to complete the conversion project or the minimum years of experience for any consultant assigned o the project? It is very important to answer these types of questions before going into an outsourcing agreement. Dividing both sides by $400, you get: which means that the purchase cost equals the lease cost in 30 days. So, if you need the equipment for less than 30 days, it would be more economical to lease it. If you need the equipment for more than 30 days, you should purchase it. In general, leasing is often cheaper for meeting short-term needs, but more expensive for long- term needs. Expert Judgment Tools and Techniques for Planning Procurements There are several tools and techniques to help project managers and their teams in landing procurements, including make-or-buy analysis, expert Judgment, and contract types. Make-or-Buy Analysis Make-or-buy analysis is a general management technique used to determine whether an organization should make or perform a particular product or service inside the organization or buy from someone else. This form of analysis involves estimating the internal costs of providing a product or service and comparing that estimate to the cost of outsourcing. Consider a company that has 1,000 international salespeople with laptops. Using make-or-buy analysis, the company would compare en cost AT provoking tense services using Internal resources to ten cost AT Dulling those services from an outside source. If supplier quotes were less than its internal estimates, the company should definitely consider outsourcing the training and user support services. Another common make-or-buy decision, though more complex, is whether a company should develop an application itself or purchase software from an outside source and customize it to the companys needs. Many organizations also use make-or-buy analysis to decide if they should either purchase or lease items for a particular project. For example, suppose you need a piece of equipment for a project that has a purchase price of $12,000. Assume it also had a daily operational cost of $400. Suppose you could lease the same piece of equipment for $800 per day, including the operational costs. You can set up an equation in which the purchase cost equals the lease cost to determine when it makes sense financially to lease or buy the equipment. In this example, d = the number of days you need the piece of equipment. The equation would then be: Experts inside an organization and outside an organization could provide excellent advice in planning purchases and acquisitions. Project teams often need to consult experts within their organization as part of good business practice. Internal experts might suggest that the company in the above example could not provide quality training and user support for the 1,000 laptop users since the service involves so many people with different skill levels in so many different locations. Experts in the company might also know that most of their competitors outsource this type of work and know who the qualified outside suppliers are. It is also important to consult legal experts since contracts for outsourced work are legal agreements. Experts outside the company, including potential suppliers themselves, can also provide expert judgment. For example, suppliers might suggest an option for salespeople to purchase the laptops themselves at a reduced cost. This option would solve problems during employee turnover-exiting employees would own their laptops and new employees would purchase a laptop through the program. An internal expert might then suggest that employees receive a technology bonus to help offset what they might view as an added expense. Expert Judgment, both internal and external, is an asset in making many procurement decisions. Types of Contracts $80th = $12,000 + $40th Subtracting $40th from both sides, you get: $40th = $12,000 Contract type is an important consideration. Different types of contracts can be used in different situations. Three broad categories of contracts are fixed price or lump sum, cost reimbursable, and time and material. A single contract can actually include all three of these categories, if it makes sense for that particular procurement. For example, you could have a contract with a seller that includes purchasing specific hardware for a fixed price or lump sum, some services that are provided on a cost lampshades Dados, Ana-eaten services Tanat are approver on a tale Ana material basis. Project managers and their teams must understand and decide which approaches to use to meet their particular project needs. It is also important to understand when and how you can take advantage of unit pricing in contracts. Fixed- price or lump-sum contracts involve a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service. The buyer incurs little risk in this situation since the price is predetermined. The sellers often pad their estimate somewhat to reduce their risk, realizing their rice must still be competitive. For example, a company could award a fixed-price contract to purchase 100 laser printers with a certain print resolution and print speed to be delivered to one location within two months.

East asia and the socialist experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

East asia and the socialist experience - Essay Example The 1921 Korean Communist Manifesto thus stated in relevant part that: In the experience of Korean communism, the Japanese annexation of Korea and its imposition of colonial rule is just an example of capitalist exploitation and imperialism. Japan's claim of colonizing Korea under the pretext of helping Korea to modernize was thus not unnatural or unrealistic. This is because, Japan represents the capitalist bourgeoisie and Korea represents the proletariat who are being exploited. The natural tendency is the bourgeoisie to exploit and it is only when the proletariat fight for their emancipation that they can be free from the exploitative powers of the bourgeoisie. These Marxist notions of class struggle reverberate strongly in the Korean experience of communism. The fight against Japanese colonization was thus a fight of the proletariat against the capitalist bourgeoisie - the colonizing Japanese - and was seen in the Korean experience of communism as being in keeping with the teachings of Marxism. The struggle against the colonizing Japanese however reflected only one aspect of the struggle against the bourgeoisie. In a wider sense, the Korean Communist Party saw its fight against the capitalist bourgeoisie in a universal light. The 1921 manifesto for instance states that: "Our national emanc... ipation movement is merely a step to the ultimate purpose of social revolution, and we are striving for the complete elimination of all of the classes of our present society. This is our belief and, at the same time, the common objective of all the toiling masses of the world. Thus, our enemy is all the exploiting classes of the world, as well as the Japanese militarists and financiers, and all the masses who share the common fate under the oppressions of the ruling class must unite their efforts." (cited in Suh 1970, 27)2 The motif of the class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is consequently not a localised struggle in Korea alone. It is part of a fraternity of international movements that aim to bring an end to all forms of bourgeoisie exploitation. Korean communism is thus seen as an essential microcosm playing its necessary part in the wider macrocosm of effecting social change through a communist revolution. Hence the enemy is not only the Japanese colonizers but "all the exploiting classes of the world". (cited in Suh 1970, 27)3 The 1921 Manifesto of the Korean Communist Party thus extended a hand of fraternity and goodwill to other communist parties and movements in Russia, China, and even in Japan (i.e. the Japanese Communist Party) It is note worthy that the fight against capitalism was not laid to rest even after the overthrow of Japanese rule in Korea after World War II. Sung (1955)4 saw American involvement in South Korea as a perpetuation of the capitalist agenda. Consequently, just as the communist movement in Korea fought against the Japanese, they were duty bound to fight against the American 'imperialists' as well. Also, the localised or domestic class struggle in the Korean experience of communism had totalitarian implications on